Epigenetic alteration of CCDC67 and its tumor suppressor function in gastric cancer

Abstract

In this study, the promoter of the gene coiled-coil domain-containing 67 (CCDC67) was found to be frequently methylated in gastric cancer cell lines and in primary gastric tumors, as examined by restriction landmark genomic scanning. In addition, CCDC67 expression was down-regulated in 72.7% of gastric cancer cell lines tested. In most cases, gene down-regulation was associated with CpG hypermethylation in the CCDC67 promoter. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A restored CCDC67 expression in down-regulated cell lines. Pyrosequencing analysis of 150 paired primary gastric cancer samples revealed that promoter CpG methylation was increased in 74% of tested tumors compared with paired adjacent normal tissues, and this hypermethylation correlated significantly with down-regulation of CCDC67. CCDC67 protein was localized to the cell membrane by immunocytochemistry. Stable transfection of a CCDC67 gene in one gastric cancer cell line inhibited adhesion-dependent and -independent colony formation, and CCDC67 expression suppressed tumorigenesis in nude mice. We suggest that CCDC67 is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is silenced in gastric cancers by promoter CpG methylation and that it may play an important role in cell signaling and migration related to tumorigenesis.