Abstract
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma (PLGC) and to determine whether EGCG protects against PLGC by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group (NC), PLGC model group (MC), and group of PLGC rats treated with EGCG (MC + EGCG). 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and sodium salicylate were combined and used to establish the PLGC rat animal model. The therapeutic effect of EGCG on PLGC was evaluated by body weight and pathological lesions of gastric mucosa in PLGC rats. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied to measure the mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. The protein expressions of cleaved caspase-3, PTEN, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and mTOR were determined by automated western immunoblotting. Results The body weight decreased in PLGC rats while EGCG significantly increased body weight. The gastric mucosa of PLGC rats exhibited the pathological lesions of atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and atypical hyperplasia while EGCG could ameliorate the pathological lesions. EGCG could upregulate the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and PTEN and reduce the expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Conclusions EGCG ameliorated pathological lesions of PLGC and exerted the effect of apoptosis promotion in PLGC rats. The apoptotic pathway triggered by EGCG may be related to inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. It provided a theoretical basis for the PLGC treatment and gastric cancer prevention.
Highlights
Gastric cancer, the fifth most common cancer, is responsible for the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide [1]
Total RNA Rapid Extraction Kit, HiFiScript Quick gDNA Removal cDNA kit, and SYBR green PCR Master Mix were obtained from Beijing Biotek Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). e primers used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction were synthesized by the Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Repaired Gastric Mucosal Ultrastructural Lesions. e degree of gastric mucosal ultrastructural lesions was judged by scanning electron microscope (SEM). e epithelial cells of gastric mucosa were closely connected and arranged regularly with the complete structure in the normal control group (NC) group
Summary
The fifth most common cancer, is responsible for the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide [1]. Extensive research on EGCG has brought into light their potential to prevent cancer by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion [7, 8]. It Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine has been reported that EGCG can protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced damage [9]. Studies on the anticancer activity of EGCG focus on various types of cancer, including lung, breast, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and esophageal; few studies focus on whether EGCG can induce apoptosis of precancerous cells in lesions of gastric mucosa in PLGC [10,11,12,13,14,15]
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