Epidural hematoma secondary to a rupture of a synovial cyst

Abstract

Background content With modern advances in imaging studies, synovial cysts are becoming more evident as a common component of erosive lumbar degenerative disc disease causing spinal stenosis and radiculopathy. Whereas hemorrhage can occur inside the cyst and is reported, rupture causing epidural hematoma is a rare complication and finding of this disorder. Purpose To report a rare clinical presentation of a synovial cyst and spinal stenosis, where rupture of the cyst leads to an early cauda equina syndrome. Study design Case report with a review of literature. Methods Clinical history, physical findings, and magnetic resonance imaging studies of a patient with an intraspinal synovial cyst at L4-5 1 week before a sudden worsening of symptoms are reported. Results A case report is presented of a male with a known synovial cyst at L4-5, presenting initially with neurogenic claudication. This patient developed sudden worsening of symptoms with bilateral lower extremity pain, weakness, and radiculopathy with difficult voiding. The patient had developed an epidural hematoma, secondary to rupture of a synovial cyst, documented at surgical decompression. Conclusions Although synovial cyst associated with erosive facet and erosive degenerative disc disease are common, rupture of the cyst is not. A case report of a ruptured synovial cyst leading to an early cauda equina syndrome is presented. This case illustrates the spectrum of clinical features and presentations possible with spinal stenosis complicated by lumbar synovial cyst formation.