Epidermal Langerhans cells resistance to solar-simulated radiation in actinic prurigo patients with low minimal erythema dose.

Abstract

Actinic prurigo is a chronic photodermatosis of unclear pathogenesis. Epidermal Langerhans cell resistance to migration after ultraviolet radiation exposure has been proposed as a possible mechanism, as occurs in polymorphic light eruption patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of solar-simulated radiation (SSR) on epidermal Langerhans cells in the uninvolved skin of actinic prurigo patients. Fifteen patients with actinic prurigo participated in the study. A biopsy from the uninvolved and unirradiated skin of the left buttock was performed, and another from the uninvolved skin of the right buttock, 72hours after exposure to two MEDs of SSR. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to identify Langerhans cells (CD1a) in all samples. In actinic prurigo patients with normal MED, there was a significant decrease in the number of epidermal Langerhans cells on the buttock skin exposed to two MED of SSR compared with the unirradiated buttock skin (P=.02 and .035 respectively). On the contrary, in patients with low MED there were no significant differences in the number of epidermal Langerhans cells between irradiated and unirradiated skin (P=.39). Epidermal Langerhans cells migration after ultraviolet radiation exposure is decreased in actinic prurigo patients with low MED as has been reported in PLE patients, especially, those with low MED or positive UVB provocation tests. Langerhans cells resistance could be part of a common pathogenic mechanism in these two photodermatoses.