Abstract
BackgroundThe goal was to examine the patterns and trends of skateboarding-related injuries sustained by children and adolescents in the United States.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children and adolescents 5-19 years of age treated in emergency departments for injuries associated with skateboards from 1990 through 2008.ResultsAn estimated 1 226 868 children/adolescents (95 % CI: 948 733—1 505 003) were treated in emergency departments for skateboarding-related injuries from 1990 through 2008, an average of 64,572 cases per year. From 1990 through 1994, the annual rate of injuries per 10,000 children/adolescents significantly decreased overall and for males (overall: 72.9 %, P = 0.014; males: 73.9 %, P = 0.011; females: 63.6 %, P = 0.062). From 1994 to 2008, annual rates of injuries per 10,000 children/adolescents significantly increased overall and for both males and females (overall: 378.9 %, P < 0.001; males: 393.4 %, P < 0.001; females: 283.3 % P < 0.001). From 1990 to 1994 the annual rate of injuries per 10,000 children/adolescents significantly decreased for all age groups (5-10 years: 69.9 %, P = 0.043; 11-14 years: 80.6 %, P = 0.017; 15-19 years: 64.2 %, P = 0.024), and then significantly increased from 1994 to 2008 (5-10 years: 164.5 %, P < 0.001; 11-14 years: 587.0 %, P < 0.001; 15-19 years: 407.9 %, P < 0.001).Most patients were male (89.0 %), injured at home (37.3 %) or in the street and/or highway (29.3 %), and were not hospitalized (96.9 %). Patients 11-14 years of age constituted 44.9 % of cases. The most commonly injured body regions were the upper (44.1 %) and lower (31.7 %) extremities. Fractures and dislocations were the most common diagnoses (32.1 %). Children/adolescents 11-14 years of age were hospitalized more often than younger or older children/adolescents. Lower extremity injuries increased with age, while face and head or neck injuries decreased with age.ConclusionsSkateboarding continues to be an important source of injury for children and adolescents. Further research, using more rigorous study designs, is required develop a broad perspective of the incidence and determinants of injury, and to further identify risk factors and viable injury countermeasures while simultaneously promoting participation in skateboarding.
Highlights
IntroductionStudies on skateboards injuries have focused on a single year of data, (Kyle et al 2002; Nathanson et al 2015) or specific types of injuries such as epiphyseal injuries, (Adams 1979) knee injuries, (Shapiro 1994) fractures (Hawkins and Lyne 1981; Banas et al 1992; Sheehan et al 2003; Zalavras et al 2005), minor traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Schleimer 2002), or head injuries (Tominaga et al 2015)
The goal was to examine the patterns and trends of skateboarding-related injuries sustained by children and adolescents in the United States
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nationally representative study to examine the epidemiology of skateboarding-related injuries treated in emergency department (ED) in the United States (US) over a 19-year study period from 1990 through 2008, further the current study extends the age groups under examination to include participants up to 19 years of age
Summary
Studies on skateboards injuries have focused on a single year of data, (Kyle et al 2002; Nathanson et al 2015) or specific types of injuries such as epiphyseal injuries, (Adams 1979) knee injuries, (Shapiro 1994) fractures (Hawkins and Lyne 1981; Banas et al 1992; Sheehan et al 2003; Zalavras et al 2005), minor TBIs (Schleimer 2002), or head injuries (Tominaga et al 2015). Previous research has found that most injuries occur when a skateboarder loses balance leading to a fall (Clark et al 2011)
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