Epidemiology Of Neonatal Jaundice In Tikrit City: According to Neonatal Risk Factors ,2022-2023

Abstract

Background:- Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of early life admission to neonatal care unite . High rate of neonatal jaundice is physiological type that need conservative management and follow up to prevent lethal complications . A low rate of neonatal jaundice is pathological type that need treatment of the underlying causes and follow up. 
 Patients and Methods:- The current study was a cross sectional study involved 312 neonates (204 of them with jaundice and 108 without jaundice ) ,attending Salahaddin General hospital from 1 st October 2022 to 30th January 2023. The Study sample was convenient . Jaundiced and Non-jaundiced neonates were enrolled into the study when they enter the wards of paediatrics and neonatal intensive care unites in Salahaddin General Hospital and those visits outpatient clinics of pediatricians and the general population during a free neonatal jaundice screening campaign in Tikrit City.
 Results:- The prevalence of neonatal jaundice is (9.2%). The most frequent cases was having total serum bilirubin(TSB) level ≤18 milligram/dc liter(mg\dl) (84.8%).The mean ±standard deviation (SD) of hyperbilirubinemia level is (15 ± 3.366 mg\dl ) and the high TSB level was reported among male gender(58.3%).The percent of preterm babies was (33.3%) of total sample .The most cases had normal weight (66.7%) at time of delivery ,mean ±SD of weight is (2698.5±693.54gram) and had no bruises or hematoma as cephalohematoma (89.2%).There was no blood diseases in about (72.5%) of total sample and no history of infection in (68.1%) of cases. The most frequent methods of feeding was breast feeding (39.7%). Regarding to time of appearance of jaundice, the most frequent cases were among those with age group (≤5 days )(89.7%) .The mean±SD for age of neonate at time of admission is (6.2±3.6 day).Blood group incompatibility(ABO incompatibility) was found in (60.8%) of cases with TSB level ≤18 mg/dl and (11.3%) of cases of TSB level <18 mg\dl . While Rhesus incompatibility(Rh incompatibility) was found in (13.2%) of cases with TSB level ≤18 mg/dl .
 Conclusion:-The study revealed that a prevalence of neonatal jaundice is (9.2%) in Tikrit City. The most frequent cases were those with age group (≤5 days ) at time of appearance of jaundice (89.7%). The cases that had blood disease were (72.5%) with significant difference and The most recurrent cases were full term babies (66.7%) ,while preterm babies (33.3%). The most frequent cases of neonatal jaundice according to TSB≤18 mg/dl was among those with ABO incompatibility (60.8%) and Rh compatibility (71.6%).