Abstract
The evaluation of the trend in the occurrence of melanoma nodulare, melanoma superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ in the period of 2002-2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. We examine if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine could affect the number of patients with melanoma. In the peridod of 2002-2017, altogether 2230 patients with new diagnosis of melanoma were examined. We studied 1) If there is some trend in the occurrence of lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ, melanoma superficiale, and melanoma nodulare and if there is a difference in the age of patients with this diagnosis (adjusted calculation of specific kind of melanomas and adjusted calculation of age). 2) If the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the trend in the occurrence of melanoma and if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the body site of melanoma. Our study confirmed that the number of patients with lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ had increased in East Bohemia region in the period of 2002-2017. The number of melanomas of nodular and superficial type does not increase. The total number of melanomas in this period does not increase either. No difference of the age of patients with melanoma nodulare, superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ was confirmed. We confirmed no relation of the annual numbers of hours of sunshine to the number of melanoma and to the body site of melanoma.
Highlights
There is a universal agreement that the incidence of mel anoma diagnoses increases and a similar trend has been observed in Europe, but the higher melanoma incidence has not been fully explained [1,2,3,4,5]
Our study confirmed that the number of patients with lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ had increased in East Bohemia region in the period of 2002–2017
THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE: 1) If there is some change in the occurrence of lentigo maligna, melanoma in situ, melanoma superficiale and melanoma nodulare from the year 2002 to the year 2017 and if there is some change in age of melanoma diagnosis
Summary
There is a universal agreement that the incidence of mel anoma diagnoses increases and a similar trend has been observed in Europe, but the higher melanoma incidence has not been fully explained [1,2,3,4,5]. Multiple studies using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program and National Program of Cancer Registries have consistently reported increasing melanoma incidence be tween 1973 and 1997 [6,7,8]. More recent studies (1 992–2006) reported that melanoma incidence increased by 3% to 4% per year across most demographic groups [1, 9]. Several factors have been identified that significantly influence the incidence and the clinical and oncogenic characteristics of this disease. These factors mainly comprise increased UV exposure, tanning bed use, family and personal history of melanoma, and cer tain phenotypical characteristics, such as fair skin and hair color. Epidemiological data support two major pathways in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma: one by cumula tive sun exposure to the site of the future melanoma in sun sensitive people and other by early sun exposure and nevus proneness, promoted by host factors, intermittent sun ex posure, or both [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
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