Abstract
We sampled 7,511 black-headed gulls for influenza virus in the Netherlands during 2006–2010 and found that subtypes H13 and H16 caused annual epidemics in fledglings on colony sites. Our findings validate targeted surveillance of wild waterbirds and clarify underlying factors for influenza virus emergence in other species.
Highlights
We sampled 7,511 black-headed gulls for influenza virus in the Netherlands during 2006–2010 and found that subtypes H13 and H16 caused annual epidemics in fledglings on colony sites
Our results showed that AIV epidemics in black-headed gulls occurred annually during June and July, with a peak monthly prevalence of 47% during 2008 (Figure 1, Table 1)
Results from Griend showed that these epidemics occurred after onset of fledging
Summary
We sampled 7,511 black-headed gulls for influenza virus in the Netherlands during 2006–2010 and found that subtypes H13 and H16 caused annual epidemics in fledglings on colony sites. 524 AFY birds were sampled at colony breeding sites. No AIVs were detected in 524 AFY birds sampled during the breeding season.
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