Epidemiology of hospitalizations with hallucinogen use disorder: a 17-year U.S. National study

Abstract

Objective To assess time-trends and outcomes of hallucinogen use disorder hospitalizations. Methods The U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 1998 to 2014 were used. People hospitalized with hallucinogen use disorder as primary or secondary diagnosis were assessed. Rates were calculated per 100,000 NIS claims. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses assessed the association of patient and hospital characteristics with outcomes. Results The national U.S. rates per 100,000 total NIS claims for hallucinogen use disorder hospitalizations increased from 1998–2000 to 2013–2014 and outcomes worsened over time: 1 hospitalizations, from 22.8 to 40.4 (1.8-fold); 2 in-hospital mortality rate, from 0.3 to 0.6 (2.3-fold); and 3 non-home discharge, from 4.2 to 6.3 (1.5-fold), respectively. Various patient and hospital characteristics were associated with worse healthcare utilization outcomes and in-hospital mortality. Conclusions Hallucinogen use disorder hospitalizations were common and increased from 1998 to 2014 in the U.S. interventions targeting modifiable patient and hospital factors can potentially reduce this burden.