Abstract
In this chapter the global distribution and contemporary trends of the prevalence of hepatitis B in the different regions of the world were described. Analysis of the relationship between HBV prevalence and income, also vaccination campaign of infants and children under 5 years old, is presented. Specific attention was paid on the distribution of hepatitis B among risk groups (intravenous drug users, men who have sex with men, indigenous peoples and minorities, prisoners, migrants, blood donors, health-care workers, coinfection with HIV infection and hepatitis C). Gaps and problems in the study of hepatitis B epidemiology and prophylaxis and future trends and prognosis of the spread of HBV in the world are discussed.
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