Abstract
Armed conflicts and natural disasters are major causes of fatalities and injuries globally and often have longer term public health consequences, particularly in low-resource countries with poorly developed health systems. This chapter reviews fatalities and trauma that have occurred through wars, armed conflicts and natural disasters worldwide. It also reviews other major causes of fatalities and trauma such as animal attacks, occupational injuries and road traffic accidents. The chapter focuses on the recent years since 1990 and assesses fatalities, non-fatal injuries and fatality rates according to factors including the types, causes and geography of conflicts, disasters and other incidents, the anatomical and tissue type distributions, the devices used in conflicts and the animals involved in attacks, and it includes historical comparisons. The chapter uses review methodology including Medline, grey literature, World Health Organisation data and various websites, along with Geographical Information Systems mapping.
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