Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is currently recognized worldwide as a leading cause of moderate to severe diarrhea. In Europe, large water- and foodborne outbreaks have been reported, highlighting the widespread distribution of the parasite and its important health impact. Surveillance networks have been progressively set up and the aim of this study was to present recent epidemiological data obtained in France from 2017 to 2019 by the National Reference Center—Expert Laboratory of cryptosporidiosis (Centre National de Référence–Laboratoire Expert cryptosporidioses CNR-LE). Data were obtained from online reports of volunteer network participants and stools were sent to the CNR-LE for species identification and GP60 genotyping. During this period, data from 750 online reports were available. Cryptosporidiosis occurred predominantly in young children (<5 years old) and in young adults, especially during late summer. Most patients were immunocompetent (60%), and deaths were reported only in immunocompromised patients. Cryptosporidium parvum was largely predominant (72% of cases) over C. hominis (24%) and some other uncommon species. C. parvum GP60 subtypes IIa and IId were the most represented, which suggests frequent zoonotic transmission. For C. hominis, subtypes IbA10G2 and IaA22R2 were predominant.
Highlights
Among Apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium spp., the only genus of the Cryptogregaria subclass, is recognized as a major foodborne parasite [1,2]
C. parvum is known to be able to infect a large diversity of hosts including humans, ruminants, rodents whereas C. hominis, which was considered for a long time specific to humans, is currently observed in other hosts such as ruminants [6,7,8,9,10]
From 2017 to 2019, 750 online reports of cryptosporidiosis were made to the CNR-LE
Summary
Among Apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium spp., the only genus of the Cryptogregaria subclass, is recognized as a major foodborne parasite [1,2]. Cryptosporidium was responsible for more than 8 million cases of foodborne illness in 2010 and was ranked fifth out of 24 potentially foodborne parasites in terms of importance [2,5]. All are not encountered in humans and depending on species, a diversity of host range is observed. Two species are responsible for the large majority of infections: C. parvum and C. hominis. C. parvum is known to be able to infect a large diversity of hosts including humans, ruminants, rodents whereas C. hominis, which was considered for a long time specific to humans, is currently observed in other hosts such as ruminants [6,7,8,9,10]. Thanks to the development of molecular epidemiology tools, other species have been identified in humans (especially in those with any kind of immunodepression): C. xiaoi, C. felis, C. meleagridis, C. canis, C. erinacei, C. cuniculus, C. viatorum, and C. occultus [6,11,12]
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