Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer: Current Insight

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is a 9th most common cancer in the world that make from 3% of global neoplasms. Bladder cancer is prevalent in the developed countries. Cancer of the bladder is four times more common in men than women. External risk factors and internal triggers contribute to the development of bladder cancer. Thus, comprehensive analysis of these risk factors is a earnest to timely prevention of indicated oncologic pathology. The objective: to do a current systematic review of epidemiology of bladder cancer and modern important risk factors, which appropriate to the given pathology. Evidence acquisition. We carried out a systemic review of epidemiology of bladder cancer embracing PubMed and Embase including March 2023. All studies reporting gender, smoking, E-cigarette use, opium consumption, occupational carcinogene expose, dietary factors, race, gene-environment interaction, socioeconomic status. Microbiome factors, urolithiasis, benign prostate hyperplasiapelvic radiotherapy were excluded. Evidence synthesis. A total of 516 papers, that studied epidemiology of bladder cancer, were involved. According to GLOBOCAN, there were 573 000 new bladder cancer cases and 213 000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Smoking and occupational exposures (aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are the most important risk factors. Moreover, the additional risk factors include some dietary agents, gene specificities, diesel exhaust emissions and etc. Conclusions. Smoking tobacco and specific occupational exposures are the most important risk factors. Prevention strategies, including smoke cessation, responsible workplace safety, diet, schistosomias prevention are useful for reduction of the incidence BC. But high-quality studies are required to confirm initial results that will support timely prevention of BC.