Epidemiology in oral antidiabetic poisoning in children and adolescents – a four-year study in a pediatric poison centre

Dana Adriana Dascultu,Elena Madalina Petran,Coriolan Emil Ulmeanu

doi:10.37897/rjp.2021.1.10

Abstract

Oral antidiabetics have become a common etiology associated with acute poisoning in children. The study shall carry out an analysis of the demographic characteristics, circumstantial characteristics and clinical profile associated with oral antidiabetic poisoning. An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out over a period of 4 years including children confirmed with the diagnosis of acute poisoning with oral antidiabetics. In the study group, there is a prevalence of voluntary acute poisoning in female patients in the 15 to 18 year age group. bIn the group study biguanides were the most frequent pharmaceutical dugs involved. The predominant clinical manifestations associated with oral antidiabetic intoxications were gastrointestinal.

Highlights

Acute poisoning in children as reported by the World Health Organization are one of the main causes of mortality in this population group with more than 3,000 deaths per year [1]
The patients included in the study group are 2-18 years old, with an average age of 11.75 ± 5.65 years, with the youngest patient diagnosed with acute oral antidiabetic poisoning being 2 years old
Analyzing the acute poisoning cases admitted in the Toxicology Department of the Emergency Clinical Hospital for children „Grigore Alexandrescu” in Bucharest, we have seen a 0.8% increase in the prevalence of acute poisoning by oral antidiabetic poisoning in the period 2014-2018 compared to the 2010-2014

Summary

Introduction

Acute poisoning in children as reported by the World Health Organization are one of the main causes of mortality in this population group with more than 3,000 deaths per year [1]. Oral antidiabetics are a frequent etiology associated with acute poisoning in children as a result of the increased number of cases of type II diabetes and the increase in their use. Newer classes of oral antidiabetics like dipeptide peptidase 4 inhibitors, amyline analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors act by slowing gastric emptying, reduction of postprandial glucagon production, reduction of dietary intake and blocking renal absorption of glucose [4]. Oral antidiabetic agents have been classified according to their effect in hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas and meglitinides and antihyperglycemic agents such as biguanide, glitazons, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptide peptidase 4 inhibitors, amyline analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, sodiumglucose cotransporter inhibitors [5]

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