Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of denture stomatitis

Abstract

Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis, which increases the risk of tissue infection and inflammation. These factors include poor oral hygiene, trauma secondary to poorly fitting prostheses, resin porosity, and bacterial plaque accumulation. Our present review discusses the epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of denture stomatitis based on data from current studies in the literature. The prevalence of denture stomatitis is significantly variable among the different studies, as previously discussed. However, the cumulative incidence of denture stomatitis among their participants ranged between 17-77%. These hugely variable rates have been attributed to the nature of data collection, diagnostic criteria, sample size, and patient demographics. Studies also show that the condition is more prevalent among elderly females. However, not many studies have reported this correlation, indicating the need for future studies. Candida albicans infection is the primary parameter in the etiology and pathogenesis of the condition. However, other factors related to the patient (like status of immunological response) and dentures (like hygiene) were also reported. Therefore, the management of denture stomatitis should be based on applying adequate interventions. Besides, using antifungal medications is also necessary to eradicate organism.