Epidemiology and Visual Outcome of Open Globe Injury Cases in Hospital Pulau Pinang.

Wang Shir Yen,Foo Siu Wan,Karen Khoo Kah Kuen,Jemaima Che Hamzah

doi:10.7759/cureus.19648

Abstract

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology and to evaluate the visual outcome of open globe injury (OGI) cases in Hospital Pulau Pinang.MethodA three-year retrospective study on OGI cases presenting to Hospital Pulau Pinang from January 2018 until December 2020.ResultA total of 39 OGI cases (n=39) were included in this study. The average age of the patients was 34.9 ± 21.7 (mean ± standard deviation, SD). There were 33 males (84.6%) and six females (15.4%). In this study, 27 cases (69.2%) were Malaysians, while the remaining 12 cases (30.8%) were foreigners. OGI cases were mostly caused by occupational injuries (n=17, 43.6%) and domestic-related accidents (n=17, 43.6%). The mean initial VA (visual acuity) logMAR was 1.69 ± 0.98 (mean ± SD). Overall, the final VA improved to the mean VA logMAR of 1.04 ± 1.08 (mean ± SD). There was a significant positive correlation between initial VA and final VA logMAR (Spearman’s rho = 0.6532, p <0.001). A negative linear correlation was found between calculated raw points of Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) and final VA logMAR (Spearman’s rho = -0.7067, p <0.001).ConclusionYoung adult males, foreign nationality, occupational injuries, and domestic-related accidents are risk factors of OGI. By uncovering the risk, we can take remedial actions to ensure better public health and clinical strategies to prevent and manage ocular trauma in the future. This study also highlights that initial VA and OTS are effective in predicting visual outcomes of OGI.

Highlights

Ocular trauma is one of the preventable causes of visual impairment and blindness globally
This study was conducted to describe the epidemiology and nature of open globe injury (OGI) cases in Hospital Pulau Pinang. It aims to evaluate the correlation between the visual outcome of OGI and initial visual acuity as well as the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS)
We calculated the raw points of Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) at presentation based on certain numerical values

Summary

Introduction

Ocular trauma is one of the preventable causes of visual impairment and blindness globally. WHO proposed that there are 55 million eye injuries restricting activities for over a day annually, among which 200000 cases are perforating eye injuries, accounting for a global incidence rate of 3.5 per 100000 population. This phenomenon leads to blindness in 1.6 million eyes and low vision in 2.3 million eyes bilaterally. Open globe injury (OGI) is a full-thickness laceration wound of the eye wall [2]. It can be further classified into subtypes of rupture, penetration, perforation, and intraocular foreign body (IOFB). It aims to evaluate the correlation between the visual outcome of OGI and initial visual acuity as well as the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS)

Methods

Results

Conclusion