Abstract
BackgroundThere is a rising incidence of chronic kidney disease that is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years. In India, it has been recently estimated that the age-adjusted incidence rate of ESRD to be 229 per million population (pmp), and >100,000 new patients enter renal replacement programs annually.MethodsWe cross-sectionally screened 6120 Indian subjects from 13 academic and private medical centers all over India. We obtained personal and medical history data through a specifically designed questionnaire. Blood and urine samples were collected.ResultsThe total cohort included in this analysis is 5588 subjects. The mean ± SD age of all participants was 45.22 ± 15.2 years (range 18–98 years) and 55.1% of them were males and 44.9% were females. The overall prevalence of CKD in the SEEK-India cohort was 17.2% with a mean eGFR of 84.27 ± 76.46 versus 116.94 ± 44.65 mL/min/1.73 m2 in non-CKD group while 79.5% in the CKD group had proteinuria. Prevalence of CKD stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 was 7%, 4.3%, 4.3%, 0.8% and 0.8%, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of CKD was observed to be 17.2% with ~6% have CKD stage 3 or worse. CKD risk factors were similar to those reported in earlier studies.It should be stressed to all primary care physicians taking care of hypertensive and diabetic patients to screen for early kidney damage. Early intervention may retard the progression of kidney disease. Planning for the preventive health policies and allocation of more resources for the treatment of CKD/ESRD patients are imperative in India.
Highlights
There is a rising incidence of chronic kidney disease that is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years
Received: 31 May 2012 Accepted: 20 March 2013 Published: 28 May 2013. In conclusion, in this large, community-based crosssectional study using a convenience sample of SEEK, we successfully carried out Chronic kidney disease (CKD) screening using simple tests to estimate e-GFR and protienuria
CKD risk factors were similar to those reported in earlier studies
Summary
There is a rising incidence of chronic kidney disease that is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years. In India, it has been recently estimated that the age-adjusted incidence rate of ESRD to be 229 per million population (pmp), and >100,000 new patients enter renal replacement programs annually. In India, given its population >1 billion, the rising incidence of CKD is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years. It has been recently estimated that the age-adjusted incidence rate of ESRD in India to be 229 per million population (pmp) [5], and >100,000 new patients enter renal replacement programs annually in India [6]. The Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease Project (SEEK) was designed and performed to generate data to determine the prevalence and risk factors for CKD in India
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