Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and a leading cause of mortality. Incidences continues to rise and vary substantially between populations. Although the prevalence of prostate cancer is relatively low in Vietnam, some hospital-based reports have shown an upward trend in recent years. While certain non-modifiable factors such as age, race and genetics are known to be mainly responsible, the literature has also suggested that environmental exposures can delay the onset of this disease. The present study provides a review of the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Vietnam by systematically searching several electronic databases. The results confirm an increasing trend of prostate cancer over the past decade, with age-standardised rate more than doubled from 2.2 per 100,000 men in 2000 to 4.7 per 100,000 men in 2010. However, no study has been found on modifiable risk factors, with the exception of one in vitro experiment that showed the inhibitory effect of garlic on the growth of prostate cancer cells. The lack of epidemiological information poses a difficulty to develop public health interventions to prevent this emerging malignant disease in Vietnam.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is recognised as the second most common cancer among men and the fifth most common cancer overall, accounting for 13.8% of total male cancers (Ferlayet et al, 2010)
The present study provides a review of the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Vietnam by systematically searching several electronic databases
The purpose of this study is to review the epidemiology of prostate cancer (PCa) in Vietnam, which has important implications on the prevention of this emerging malignant disease
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is recognised as the second most common cancer among men and the fifth most common cancer overall, accounting for 13.8% of total male cancers (Ferlayet et al, 2010). The variation in PCa incidence was 25 folds between the highest and the lowest countries, while about 75% of the diagnosed cases came from developed countries (Jemal et al, 2011). Among leading cancer deaths in men, PCa ranked sixth and accounted for 6.1% of the total deaths, with the mortality rate ranged from 2.5 per 100,000 (in Eastern Asia) to 26.3 per 100,000 (in Caribbean) across countries. There has been convincing evidence to show that the incidence rate of PCa continues to rise, in China and other Asian countries (Center et al, 2012). Various factors contribute to the increase, including change in lifestyle, increase in life span, and advancement in detection and diagnosis of PCa (Jemal et al, 2011)
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