Epidemiology and microscopic diagnosis of tuberculosis in pigs and small ruminants slaughtered at Bobo-Dioulasso abattoir, Burkina Faso.

Adama Sanou,Zekiba Tarnagda,Amadou Dicko,Antoinette Kabore,Bassirou Diarra,Arthur Djibougou,Arsène K Ouedraogo,Dezemon Zingue,Moumini Nouctara,Kadiatou R Sow

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v88i1.1908

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic, infectious, chronic and contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis that mainly affects cattle. This pathology has a negative impact on animals and animal products trade. Unfortunately, in Burkina Faso where agriculture and livestock sectors represent around 80% of the socio-economic activities, the real situation of the disease is not well known especially in small ruminants and swine. Thus, our study focused on both the epidemiology and the microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in small ruminants and pigs slaughtered at Bobo-Dioulasso abattoir. A prospective study was conducted between August 2017 and December 2017. Epidemiological data collection was performed during routine meat inspection; moreover, samples were taken and transported to the Bacteriology laboratory of Centre Muraz for microbiological analyses. This diagnosis consisted in search of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) using the hot Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Out of a total of 14 648 small ruminants and 2430 pigs slaughtered during the study period, 156 and 17 had lesions suggestive of bTB with prevalence of 1.07% and 0.7%, respectively. Females and those between 2 and 4 years old were mainly infected. The most affected organs were: lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Finally, microscopy revealed 43.35% (75/173) of positive cases for AFB. These results confirm the presence of bTB in small ruminants and pigs in Burkina Faso. Efforts must still be made in the fight against this zoonosis in order to limit its economic and public health impacts.

Highlights

Livestock plays a central role in the economy of the Sahel part of Africa, which is illustrated as an excellent region for animal breeding
Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), whose main victims are domestic cattle but it affects other animals and human (Cosivi et al 1995; CSAO/OCDE 2008)
Frequencies of suspected tuberculosis lesions Out of 14 648 total small ruminants and 2430 pigs slaughtered during the study period, 156 and 17 had TB suspected lesions giving prevalence of 1.07% and 0.70%, respectively, and an overall prevalence of 1.01%

Summary

Introduction

Livestock plays a central role in the economy of the Sahel part of Africa, which is illustrated as an excellent region for animal breeding It is one of the main economic activities on which the regional populations are dependent as a source of food and monetary income (CSAO/OCDE 2008). Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), whose main victims are domestic cattle but it affects other animals (domestic and wild) and human (Cosivi et al 1995; CSAO/OCDE 2008). It is considered a major disease for international trade of live animals and animal products, and is on the list of notifiable diseases of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The introduction of pasteurisation considerably reduced public health risks in many countries, but the disease continues to cause production losses where it is poorly controlled

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