Abstract
Simple SummaryFarmers should focus on milk quality over quantity. However, in some situations, more attention is focused on the amount of milk produced. In the long term, this approach might represent an important economic cost as it leads to increased incidence of mastitis. Mastitis affects herds in all countries and is the most economically burdensome disease encountered by dairy farmers. The current review focuses on the main pathogens that cause this inflammation and their prevalence as well as strategies to prevent their proliferation. We discuss economic loss, with the goal of demonstrating that prevention is always better than disease management.Farmers should focus on milk quality over quantity because milk that contains unsuitable components and/or antibiotic residues, or has a high somatic cell count, cannot be used in food production and thereby results in reduced milk yield. One of the main problems affecting the ultimate milk yield of dairy cows is mastitis. This disease is the most serious economic and health problem associated with dairy cow herds and is a major reason for excessive culling. Therefore, many studies have addressed this problem to further our understanding of the agents causing mastitis and their classification and virulence factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding mastitis prevalence, the characteristics of its main causative agents, and the effects of mastitis on dairy production. The review also intends to provide guidance for future studies by examining external effects influencing dairy production in cows under field conditions.
Highlights
Dairy products, especially milk, are among the most essential food sources for most of the world’s population
Klaas and Zadoks [23] posited that many microorganisms, such as S. aureus and Str. agalactiae, can be classified as environmental pathogens even if they are usually classified in the literature as causative agents of contagious mastitis
The food industry cannot process milk with a high Somatic cell count (SCC) or milk containing antibiotic residues. This means that controlling mastitis is essential. Driving this heightened concern are that mastitis remains the costliest medical and economic problem in the milk-producing industry and that pressure is increasing to avoid use of antibiotics
Summary
Especially milk, are among the most essential food sources for most of the world’s population. Public health is potentially at risk because mastitis may transmit zoonoses and sicknesses associated with food toxins [13,14] For this reason, the direct consumption of raw milk is not recommended due to the high probability of contamination with. Holko et al [20] demonstrated that approximately 62% of isolated mastitis-causing agents are resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. The worst cases were observed in Str. agalactiae, where 100% of isolates were able to resist at least one antimicrobial agent (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/calculate, cloxacillin, penicillin, cephalexin, cephalexin/kanamycin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, tetracycline, streptomycin, neomycin, lincomycin, rifaximin, novobiocin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and enrofloxacin). This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding mastitis prevalence, the characteristics of its main causative agents, and the effects of mastitis on dairy production
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