Abstract
Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) include β- and γ-HPVs, in addition to a small fraction of α-HPVs. β-HPVs were first isolated from patients with the rare genetic disorder Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and they are associated with the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer at sun-exposed skin sites in these individuals. Organ transplant recipients also have greater susceptibility to β-HPV infection of the skin and an increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer. In both immunosuppressed and immunocompromised individuals, cutaneous HPVs are ubiquitously disseminated throughout healthy skin and may be an intrinsic part of the commensal flora. Functional analysis of E6 and E7 proteins of specific cutaneous HPVs has provided a mechanistic comprehension of how these viruses may induce carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, additional research is crucial to better understand the pathological implications of the broad distribution of these HPVs.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents a diverse group of viruses infecting mainly epithelial and mucosal tissues [1]
Some cutaneous HPVs are clearly associated with the development of various skin lesions, from warts to carcinomas, in restricted populations [1,5]
It has proven difficult to determine the role of particular b-HPVs in cutaneous malignancies because of the high viral diversity and ubiquity of multiple types throughout healthy skin, the oral cavity, the nasal mucosa and the anogenital region [6,7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Epidemiology and biology of cutaneous human papillomavirus. Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) include b- and g-HPVs, in addition to a small fraction of a-HPVs. b-HPVs were first isolated from patients with the rare genetic disorder Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and they are associated with the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer at sun-exposed skin sites in these individuals. Organ transplant recipients have greater susceptibility to b-HPV infection of the skin and an increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer. In both immunosuppressed and immunocompromised individuals, cutaneous HPVs are ubiquitously disseminated throughout healthy skin and may be an intrinsic part of the commensal flora.
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