Epidemiological Trends of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A 2024 Perspective

Abstract

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a major public health challenge, with the region accounting for approximately 68% of the global population living with HIV. This review explores the current epidemiological trends in 2024, highlighting the demographic shifts, socioeconomic factors, and public health interventions shaping the epidemic. Despite progress in reducing new infections and expanding antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, significant challenges remain, particularly among vulnerable populations such as women, adolescents, and key populations like men who have sex with men (MSM) and sex workers. The review also discusses the impact of public health interventions, such as the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and the integration of HIV services with other health programs. Socioeconomic barriers, stigma, and disparities in healthcare access are critical issues that must be addressed to achieve long-term control of the epidemic. The evolving landscape of HIV/AIDS, including emerging issues like aging populations and co-infection with tuberculosis, requires innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Sub-Saharan Africa, epidemiological trends, antiretroviral therapy (ART), mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).