Epidemiological survey on hypertension and its risk factors in Gaoqing County of Shandong Province

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in Gaoqing County of Shandong Province, and analyze the risk factors. Methods From March to August 2015, residents over 35 years old from the town and the rural areas in Gaoqing were selected by simple random sampling method and applied epidemiological survey on hypertension. The statistical analysis was conducted by software SPSS 19.0. The risk factors of hypertension were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 5 000 people were included in this survey, while 4 686 residents completed this survey. The prevalence rates of hypertension in the town and the rural areas were 30.21% and 32.96%, respectively, and the difference had no statistical significance (χ2 = 0.04, P>0.05). The mortality of males in town and rural areas were both higher than females (32.50% vs 27.89% and 37.33% vs 28.84%) (χ2= 3.84, P<0.05; χ2=26.43, P<0.01). The constituent ratio of drinking or smoking, and levels of systolic and diastolic pressure of hypertension patients in rural area were all higher than those in town (χ2=11.70, P<0.01; χ2=4.04, P<0.05; t=3.64, P<0.01; t=4.96, P<0.01). BMI, awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate in town were (25.42 ± 4.33) kg/m2, 39.08%, 30.80% and 24.82%, which were all higher than those in rural area (t=11.51, χ2= 4.33, 4.21, 3.94, P all <0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension of 35-54 aged people in town was higher than that in rural area (P all <0.01) , while the prevalence rate of people over 55 years old in rural area was higher than town (P all <0.01). The analysis of Logistic regression revealed that age over 45 (OR=4.12, P<0.01) , family history of hypertension (OR=22.78, P<0.01) , smoking (OR=4.05, P<0.01) , alcohol consumption (OR=3.73, P<0.01) , excessive salt intake (OR=7.79, P<0.05) , level of triglyceride (OR=4.42, P<0.05) , overweight (OR=7.35, P<0.01) , obesity (OR= 11.56, P<0.01) and waistline (OR=3.65, P<0.05) were the risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions There is a high prevalence rate of hypertension in Gaoqing County among people over 35 years old, and the awareness rate and prevention condition in the rural areas are comparatively poorer. People with those risk factors of hypertension such as age over 45, family history of hypertension, unhealthy living habits, obesity and high triglyceride should pay more attention to. Key words: Hypertension; Epidemiology; risk factors