Abstract
Surveillance and outbreak reports Re-emergence of leishmaniasis in Spain: community outbreak in Madrid, Spain, 2009 to 2012 5 by A Arce, A Estirado, M Ordobas, S Sevilla, N Garcia, L Moratilla, S de la Fuente, AM Martinez, AM Perez, E Aranguez, A Iriso, O Sevillano, J Bernal, F Vilas Imported leishmaniasis in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012: epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and sequence-based species typing from 195 patients 14 by A Bart, PP van Thiel , HJ de Vries, CJ Hodiamont, T Van Gool
Highlights
Even though many physicians and public health experts still consider leishmaniasis a tropical disease, two entities associated with several Phlebotomus species are endemic in southern Europe: (i) zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. infantum throughout the region, having dogs as reservoir host; and (ii) anthroponotic CL caused by L. tropica, which occurs sporadically in Greece
Zoonotic CL usually occurs in the same areas endemic for VL, but there are probably many more cases than those registered (2.8–4.6-fold under-reporting has been estimated for the European Union (EU) region [2])
Despite provoking a limited number of overt clinical cases – in comparison with global leishmaniasis figures – L. infantum represents a latent public health threat in the EU because studies performed in several endemic foci have disclosed a high prevalence of asymptomatic parasite carriers [5]
Summary
Even though many physicians and public health experts still consider leishmaniasis a tropical disease, two entities associated with several Phlebotomus species are endemic in southern Europe: (i) zoonotic VL and CL caused by L. infantum throughout the region, having dogs as reservoir host; and (ii) anthroponotic CL caused by L. tropica, which occurs sporadically in Greece. The World Health Organization’s Department for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases has estimated a total VL incidence of approximately 410–620 cases each year during 2003 to 2008 in these endemic countries, adjusted to take into account a ‘mild’ 1.2– 1.8-fold under-reporting [2].
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