Abstract
BackgroundThe widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to considerable concerns about the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR). Sexual contact, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM) was the most prevalent form of HIV transmission in Shijiazhuang. Hence, we conducted an epidemiological surveillance study on TDR among newly diagnosed individuals who infected-HIV through sexual contact in from 2014–2015.MethodsGenotypic resistance mutations were defined using the WHO-2009 surveillance list. Potential impact on antiretroviral drug was predicted according to the Stanford HIV db program version 7.0. The role of transmission clusters in drug resistant strains was evaluated by phylogenetic and network analyses.ResultsIn this study, 589 individuals were recruited and 542 samples were amplified and sequenced successfully. The over prevalence of TDR was 6.1%: 1.8% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 2.0% to non- NRTIs (NNRTIs) and 2.4% to protease inhibitors (PIs), respectively. We did not find significant differences in the TDR prevalence by demographic and clinical characteristics (p > 0.05). Using network and phylogenetic analysis, almost 60.0% sequences were clustered together. Of these clusters, 2 included at least two individuals carrying the same resistance mutation, accounting for 21.2% (7/33) individuals with TDR. No significant difference was observed in the clustering rate between the individuals with and without TDR.ConclusionsWe obtained a moderate level TDR rate in studied region. These findings enhance our understanding of HIV-1 drug resistance prevalence in Shijiazhuang, and may be helpful for the comprehensive prevention and control of HIV-1.
Highlights
The widespread use and increased coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced significantly the risk of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and decreased HIV-related morbidity and mortality[1]
No significant difference was observed in the clustering rate between the individuals with and without transmitted drug resistance (TDR)
We obtained a moderate level TDR rate in studied region. These findings enhance our understanding of HIV-1 drug resistance prevalence in Shijiazhuang, and may be helpful for the comprehensive prevention and control of HIV-1
Summary
The widespread use and increased coverage of ART has reduced significantly the risk of HIV transmission and decreased HIV-related morbidity and mortality[1]. The prevalence of TDR among treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals remains low in most areas of China, some recent reports indicated moderate levels in specific regions[10,11,12]. The prevalence of HIV infection in the general population in Shijiazhuang city remains at a relatively low level [13]. According to the data of the case registry system, the proportion of sexual transmission has been increasing in the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, rising from 52.3% in 2005 to 96.7% in 2015 in Shijiazhuang. Men who have sex with men (MSM) was the most prevalent form of HIV transmission in Shijiazhuang. We conducted an epidemiological surveillance study on TDR among newly diagnosed individuals who infected-HIV through sexual contact in from 2014–2015
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