Epidemiological study on the Determinants of Child Non-Vaccination at National Polio Immunization Days in December 2012 in the Health District of Lomie East-Cameroon

Abstract

Background: Cameroon has been in a polio epidemic since October 2013, so the country has been forced into a response vaccination approach. In rural health districts in this case l OMIE District, the proportion of children unvaccinated during the campaigns varies between 25 and 30%, while the standard would be to have less than 5% of unvaccinated children. The question of the reasons for the non-vaccination of children in Cameroon has therefore arisen. Objectives: The aim was to determine the factors of non-vaccination of children at the National Polio Immunization Days (NIDs) in December 2012, through the quality of the NVD organization, the health skills of human resources and the parents. Methodology: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study from the 9 to the 20th of December 2012. We interviewed 292 parents and their children, 75 social mobilisers, 79 vaccinators, 41 proximity supervisors and 12 pilot health facilities EPI focal persons. The number of children selected per health area was proportional to it demographic weight. Quarters and blocs were selected by simple random sampling while the children by systemic random sampling. Personnel selected were those that intervene in the chosen localities. Results: The study found that 20.8% of children were unvaccinated. The first reason for non-vaccination was the non-visiting of the household by vaccinators (41.9%). Difficulties in access due to bad roads (40%), lack of vehicles or means of locomotion adapted to the area (35%). Parents were informed in 85.6% of cases. The JNV polio micro plan was available in 25% of health areas and 41.7% of community supervisors conducted household surveys.