Abstract
Aim::The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological infestation and identification of Ixodidae and Argasidae ticks species in buffalo of different parts of district Khairpur, Pakistan.Materials and Methods::A total of 720 Water buffaloes from three tehsils (subdivisions) were selected randomly and examined from organized and unorganized dairy farms for tick infestation in district Khairpur, Pakistan. This epidemiological survey was conducted during April to September 2015.Results::The overall mean population and preferred site of tick attachment to infested animals, in Gambat, Sobhodero, and Kot Diji tehsils, were observed on different body parts. The primary body area of infestation by ticks (head, thorax, abdomen, udder, and tail) ranged from highest in tail and udder part compared to lowest in the abdomen, head, and thorax. In all study areas, the infestation was higher (p<0.05) in tail and udder than other parts of the body. In all the study areas, the overall highest population was found in the month of July. In addition, we first time identify four new species of ticks (Hyalomma anatolicum, H. anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma Ixodes excavatum, and Ixodes ricinus) in district Khairpur, Pakistan.Conclusion::Results of this study provide additional information of epidemiological tick infestation, and will be helpful for evolving effective control policy for the management of tick infestation in study district.
Highlights
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) primitively domesticated in Asia for milk and meat purpose
Among the buffalo population inspected a significantly highest (p
Among the all animal examined in this study, the data showed (Table-2) that the overall mean of tick infestation rate in different region of the body such as head region (0.42±0.27), thorax (0.35±0.22), abdomen (0.50±0.26), udder (3.83±0.71), and tail (3.59±0.74), the highest population was found in July (2.00±0.79), and the lowest was recorded in April (1.18±0.78) (Figure-4), which found to be non significantly (p
Summary
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) primitively domesticated in Asia for milk and meat purpose. The phylogenetic records described that the buffalo originated approximately 4000-5000 years ago from China to India [1]. The estimated population of domesticated buffalo in Pakistan about 23.4 million, and three breeds (Kundi, Nili-Ravi, and Azi-Kheli) of water buffaloes were commonly found [2]. Pakistan produces about 1.6 billion tons of milk and 4 million hides per year from buffaloes [3]. A number of environmental factors such as diet, feeding regime, housing, climate, season, heat stress, parasitic burden, and disease status affect milk production of dairy buffalo.
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