Abstract
BackgroundThe risk of infection with Anisakis has been recognized for some time, but it is now emerging due to major awareness, better diagnostic techniques, and increasing preference for raw or lightly cooked food. Spain has the second-highest reported incidence after Japan, though the real anisakidosis burden is unknown because of the scarcity of epidemiological data. This study provides a 19-year review of anisakidosis-related hospitalizations describing epidemiological trends and patient characteristics.MethodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive study using the Spanish Hospitalization Minimum Data Set from 1997 to 2015. Hospitalization rates were calculated and spatial distribution of cases and their temporal behavior were assessed. Clinical characteristics were described, including related codiagnoses and procedures.ResultsA total of 2471 hospital discharges were identified. A continuous increasing trend was observed, with several peaks. Most affected communities were located in the northwest inland part of the country. Almost 54% of hospitalized patients were male, with a mean age of 51.3 years. Median length of stay was 5 days, and the hospitalization median cost around €2900. Fatal outcome occurred in 0.5%. Most frequent codiagnoses were digestive diseases, mainly intestinal obstruction. Urticaria, anaphylactic reaction, and angioneurotic edema were only recorded in 2.2%, 2.4%, and 1.2%, respectively.ConclusionsKnowing that hospitalization is unusual in anisakidosis, we offer calculations of the real disease burden. Improving disease surveillance in parallel to disease control will be useful both in gaining extended disease knowledge and reducing morbidity and related costs.
Highlights
The risk of infection with Anisakis has been recognized for some time, but it is emerging due to major awareness, better diagnostic techniques, and increasing preference for raw or lightly cooked food
Knowing that hospitalization is unusual in anisakidosis, we offer calculations of the real disease burden
Anisakidosis is a fish-borne zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish or cephalopods contaminated by live larvae of parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae
Summary
We performed a retrospective descriptive study using the Spanish Hospitalization Minimum Data Set from 1997 to 2015. We performed a retrospective descriptive study using the Hospitalization Minimum Data Set (CMBD in Spanish) for the time period 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2015. The CMBD is the official database of the Spanish Ministry of Health, and collects demographic and clinical information on discharge of all public hospital admissions nationwide. The National Health System (NHS) provides free medical care to 99.5% of the Spanish population, those persons not covered by the NHS can be attended to at the public hospitals. Since 2005, CMBD has had a gradual coverage from private hospitals [11]. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) was used for this purpose [12]. Registers with an ICD-9-CM code of anisakidosis (127.1) placed in any diagnostic position were analyzed
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