Epidemiological Profile of Type 2 Diabetics Hospitalized at the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes, Mali

Abstract

Diabetes is defined as a complex and chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a partial or total deficiency of insulin or, more commonly, by a decrease in the sensitivity of the target cells causing an increase in blood glucose. Objective: describe the profile of type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized in the department. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study of 67 records of type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized from January 1 to December 31, 2020 in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Result: We counted 67 diabetic patients hospitalized out of a total of 200 patients hospitalized in the Unit, i.e., a prevalence of hospitalization of 3.35%. The 60 to 69 age group was the most affected in 27 cases (40.30%), with an average age of 58 years. Females predominated in 36 cases (53.73%) with a sex ratio of 0.86. The Soninke ethnic group was the most represented with 17 cases (29.82%). Most of our patients were housewives 31 cases (46.27%), farmers 14 cases (20.91%). The majority of our patients were married, 43 cases (75.44%), 32 patients (56.14%) were of urban origin. High blood pressure was the most common antecedent with 28 cases (41.79%). The most frequent reason for hospitalization was diabetic foot with 31 cases (46.27%). The main clinical signs noted were: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 25 cases (34.72%) and altered general condition 16 cases (22.22%). On admission 49 patients (73.13%) had hyperglycemia. We noted in our patients a glycemic imbalance in 52 cases (73.13%). Creatininemia, micro albuminuria and LDLC were abnormal in 20 (29.85%), 13 (19.40%) and 24 (35.82%) cases respectively. Insulin therapy was initiated in 57 patients (85.07%). The average length of hospitalization was 9.5 days. During this study period, 52 patients were discharged (77.61%); 2 cases were referred for amputation (2.98%); 2 cases were referred for renal failure (2.98%); 5 were discharged against medical advice (7.46%); ........