Abstract
Aim. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of Cleft lip and palate (CLP) among neonates in Derna, Libya, over a six-year period from 2016 to 2021. Methods. This retrospective observational study analysed data from the neonatal unit registry at Al Wahda teaching hospital in Derna, Libya. The study population comprised neonates admitted to the hospital from 2016 to 2021. Inclusion criteria specified Libyan neonates diagnosed with CLP, while exclusion criteria excluded stillbirths and non-Libyan neonates. Data analysis involved calculating incidence rates, descriptive statistics, and subgroup analyses to identify demographic characteristics and associated risk factors. Results. Out of 2,887 neonatal records reviewed, 10 cases of cleft lip ± palate (CL±P) were identified, yielding an overall incidence rate of 0.6 cases per 1000 live births. The majority of cases (50%) presented with both cleft lip and palate, followed by cleft palate only (40%) and cleft lip only (10%). Demographic analysis revealed a higher prevalence among females (60%), full-term neonates (80%), neonates from larger families of more than 6 children (50%), and those with birth weights between 2.5 and 4 kg (70%). Left-sided clefts were more common (90%) than right-sided clefts (10%). Potential risk factors included maternal history of abortion (20%), irregular pregnancy follow-up (90%), and gestational diabetes (10%). Conclusion. This study provides insights into the prevalence and associated risk factors of cleft lip ± palate (CL±P) among neonates in Derna, Libya. The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive prenatal care and public health interventions to address modifiable risk factors and reduce the incidence of cleft lip ± palate in affected populations. Further research is needed to explore additional factors contributing to cleft anomaly occurrence and outcomes.
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