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Abstract
Food borne diseases are of great concern globally especially in the developing countries where poor sanitation is applied during collection and processing of milk from animals. The epidemiological investigation, serotypes and distribution of verocytotoxin (VTI and VT2)- producing Escherichia coli in raw milk and milk products were determined using structured questionnaire, Cefixime tellurite-sorbitol MacConkey agar, agglutination kits and VTEC-RPLA Toxin detection Kit. Out of 27 milkers, 7.4 % had primary education, 22.2 % washed the milk utensils with cold water and soap, 11.1 % washed their hands before milking, while 7.4 % milkers washed the udder of the animals before milking. All the yoghurts had the product names; 85.7 % had NAFDAC numbers; 80.0% had Batch Numbers, while 71.4 % had Manufacturer s’ Addresses. The unpasteurized milk samples had E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts (CFU.ml-1) ranging from 4.0 x 102 to 1.7 x 103 and 6.0 x 102 to 2.0 x 103 , respectively, while E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts of milk products were between 1.0 x 102 and 1.0 x 103 CFU.ml-1. E. coli 0157 had the highest percentage occurrence (38.3%), while E. coli 0145 had the lowest percentage occurrence (2.1%). More than 38.3% of the E. coli serotypes produced VT2, while ≥ 12.8% were VT1 producers. The occurrence of VTEC in the unpasteurized milk shows that the milkers should be enlightened on the necessary sanitary practices to adopt during milking and also post-pasteurization contamination of milk products should be avoided.
 Key Words: Verotoxigenic, Escherichia coli, Milk, Yoghurt, Nono, Serotypes.
Highlights
Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) or Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) are rod shaped, Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, lactose fermenter and non-endospore forming pathogens of animals and humans (Dwight et al, 2004; Akinjogunla et al, 2009)
Materials and Methods Collection of Samples The cow milk (n=29) and goat milk (n=47) samples were collected directly from cows and goats using sterile, wide-mouth sample containers by the Hausa / Fulani cattle rearers residing in Uyo, while nono (n=42) and yoghurt (n=35) samples were purchased from the hawkers
The results showed that 33.3 % milkers used plastic cups and plates for collection of milk from the cows and goats, while 59.3 % milkers used plastic bottles only (Figs 1 and 2)
Summary
Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) or Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) are rod shaped, Gram negative, facultative anaerobe, lactose fermenter and non-endospore forming pathogens of animals and humans (Dwight et al, 2004; Akinjogunla et al, 2009). These enteric pathogens with an estimated infectious dose of < 50 organisms are regarded as the most common food-borne zoonotic pathogens causing several disease conditions in humans (Tilden et al, 1996; Kumar et al, 2014). Ruminants are considered an important source of VTEC with cattle being regarded as the Akinjogunla et al./ Nig. J.
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