Epidemiological investigation and phylogenetic analyses of contagious ecthyma virus from goat in Bangladesh

Jahangir Alam,Mahbub Jang Fatey Ali Taimur,Md Giasuddin,Md Shahin Alam,Md Thoufic Anam Azad,Papia Monoura,Shake Mohammed Shariful Islam,Sukumar Saha

doi:10.3329/ajmbr.v2i4.30996

Abstract

The aim of this study was to know the epidemiologic characteristics of contagious ecthyma and molecular characterization of the contagious ecthyma virus or ORF virus (ORFV). Sixty four households having 293 goats in Chuadanga district of Bangladesh were surveyed and 30 scab materials were collected from ORF affected goat. Virus detection by PCR was attempted. Sequencing was done for characterization. Goats (n=70) in 15 out of 64 (23.44%) households were found to be infected with ORF. The overall morbidity, mortality and case fatality was 23.89 (70/293), 1.02 (3/293) and 4.29% (3/70), respectively. A proliferative lesion in mouth, lips and gum was found in 100.00% affected goats. Besides, proliferative lesions were also found in legs (19.00%), body (13.00%), and ears (10.00%) of goats. Highest morbidity (29.00%) was found in goats of 7 months-1years aged group and lowest (2.05%) in goats of 2-3 years or more. About 79.00% goats were affected during January-March, 2011 and 21.00% during OctoberDecember, 2010. About 93.33% (28/30) scab samples were found positive by PCR. For molecular characterization PCR amplified viral interlukin-10 (vIL10) gene of 5 different ORFV were sequenced. One virus obtained from sheep and four from goat. Goat isolates were found very closely related (97.20-98.60%) to each other while sheep virus has 95.20-97.20% homology with goat viruses and clustered separately. Our isolates were closely related to Norwegian sheep isolates. It is concluded that ORFV is circulating in Bangladesh with high morbidity but low mortality and all age group of goats are susceptible to this disease. Circulating viruses are closely related to each other.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 555-561

Highlights

Contagious ecthyma, known as ORF is perhaps the most commonly encountered skin disease in domestic goats and sheep
Of the affected goats (n=70) about 41.43% (29/70) goats were belong to age group 7-12 months followed by age group of up to 2 months (24.29%), 3-6 months (17.14%), 2-3 years (8.57%) and >3 years (8.57%) (Table 3)
It is observed that almost all age groups of animals are affected in the study area

Summary

Introduction

Contagious ecthyma, known as ORF is perhaps the most commonly encountered skin disease in domestic goats and sheep. ORF is one of the most widespread viral diseases worldwide, affecting mostly small ruminants and, sometimes, other species, including wild animals (Damon, 2007; Fairley et al, 2008). There have been an increasing number of reports of new species being affected by the disease, implying a dynamic host– pathogen interaction (Fairley et al, 2008). The causative agent, contagious ecthyma virus or ORF virus (ORFV), has been extensively investigated over recent years, owing to its zoonotic importance (Billinis et al, 2012, Ozturk et al, 2012, Nougairede et al, 2013) and ability to cross-infect other species sporadically.

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