Epidemiological Features of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Russian Federation

Abstract

Relevance. Obesity is associated with the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Over the past 40 years, no country in the world has seen a decrease in the incidence of either obesity or diabetes. The epidemic growth rates of type 2 DM in the world, including in the Russian Federation, emphasize the close relationship of these endocrinopathies and identify obesity as one of the determinants of diabetes development. Aim. To study the intensity, dynamics and features of the formation of primary morbidity of obesity and type 2 DM among various population groups, as well as to identify correlations between the studied parameters in the groups. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the primary incidence of obesity and type 2 DM in Russia in 2010–2021 was carried out. The source of the analyzed information was the statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «Morbidity of the population». To identify the relationship between the studied parameters, a correlation analysis was performed with the calculation of the Pearson coefficient (r). The interpretation of the closeness of the correlation was performed on the Chaddock scale. Results. The number of cases of obesity amounted to 4 428 975, type 2 DM – 3 839 772 in Russia in 2010–2021. The incidence of obesity among the entire population was 253,61 per 100 ths, type 2 DM – 220,47 per 100 ths population. The Siberian FD (377,29 per 100 ths) should be singled out as an epidemiologically significant obesity district, and for type 2 DM – the Southern FD (249,34 per 100 ths). The incidence of type 2 DM among adults was 274,22 per 100 ths, while the leading positions were taken by the Ural FD (313,56 per 100 ths) and the Southern FD (308,94 per 100 ths). In terms of obesity among adults, it should be noted that the Siberian FD is 359,21 per 100 ths (the excess of the incidence rate in Russia is 1,68 times). Among the elderly, the incidence of obesity in Russia was 1,15 times higher than in adults (247,15 per 100 ths), while in the Siberian FD the incidence was 1,23 times higher than in adults (440,9 per 100 ths). In the elderly population group, the maximum incidence of type 2 DM was noted in the Ural FD – 591,11 per 100 ths. The incidence of obesity among the children from 0 to 14 years was 370,99 per 100 ths, while the most unfavorable epidemic situation was noted in the North-Western FD (476,86 per 100 ths – exceeding the level in Russia by 1,29 times). Among the children from 15 to 17, the incidence of obesity was 697,67 per 100 ths, the maximum level was in the North-Western FD (869,1 per 100 ths) and the Southern FD (866,43 per 100 ths). In parallel, the North-Western FD is also leading in terms of type 2 DM (3,16 per 100 ths) among the teenagers 15–17 years old. Positive correlations between obesity and type 2 DM were established among the entire population of Russia in 2020 (r = 0,364 – weak level) and in 2021 (r = 0,260 – very weak level). Conclusion. A close association of obesity with the development of type 2 DM has been confirmed. In Russia, in parallel with the growth of obesity, there is an increase in type 2 DM. Special attention should be paid to the child population, since there is a pronounced trend towards an increase in the incidence of obesity among the children 0–14 years old and 15–17 years old. The level of type 2 DM is also increasing among the teenagers. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between obesity and type 2 DM among the entire population.