Epidemiological, Clinical and Biological Aspects of Kidney Disease in People Living with HIV Naive Antiretroviral Therapy at CHU Sylvanus Olympio of Lome (TOGO)

Abstract

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a common cause of kidney disease worldwide. HIV-related renal diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan African countries. The aim is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of kidney disease in people living with HIV naive antiretroviral therapy in Lome in Togo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Lome from ESOPE database. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Kidney disease was defined as GFR less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: In total, 3118 HIV-infected ART-naive patients were included in this study. Among them, the prevalence of renal disease at the beginning of their care, was 41.8% or 1303 patients [95% CI: 40.0% - 43.5%]. The median estimated GFR was 94.7 ml/min/1.73 m2: 2.9% had eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2. The median age was 40 years [IQR = 34 - 48 years] with a sex ratio at 0.45. BMI median was 20.6 Kg/m2. Most of patients (30.8%) were at clinic OMS stage 1. Median CD4 was 165/uL [IQR = 72 - 274/uL]; median hemoglobin was 10.4 g/dl [IQR = 8.8 - 11.9 g/dl]; median glycemia was 0.84 g/l [IQR = 0.75 - 0.95 g/l]. Most of patients (99.9%) had HIV-1. 8.5% had hyperleukocytosis, and all patients had thrombopenia. Conclusion: The incidence of kidney disease is high in Togolese HIV-infected ART naive patients.