Epidemiological Characterization of Clinical Fungal Isolates from Pauls Stradinš Clinical University Hospital, Latvia: A 4-Year Surveillance Report.

Nityanand Jain,Aigars Reinis,Raimonds Sīmanis,Jānis Meisters,Tatjana Obidenova,Dagnija Straupmane,Inese Jansone

doi:10.3390/life11101002

Nityanand Jain, Aigars Reinis + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101002

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Abstract

Nosocomial fungal infections are an emerging global public health threat that requires urgent attention and proper management. With the limited availability of treatment options, it has become necessary to understand the emerging epidemiological trends, mechanisms, and risk factors. However, very limited surveillance reports are available in the Latvian and broader European context. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory data (2017–2020) from Pauls Stradinš Clinical University Hospital (PSCUH), Riga, Latvia, which is one of the largest public multispecialty hospitals in Latvia. A total of 2278 fungal isolates were analyzed during the study period, with Candida spp. comprising 95% of the isolates, followed by Aspergillus spp. and Geotrichum spp. Amongst the Candida spp., C. albicans and C. glabrata made up about 75% of the isolates. The Department of Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery had the highest caseload followed by Intensive Care Department. Majority of the fungal isolates were collected from the bronchoalveolar lavage (37%), followed by urine (19%) and sputum (18%) samples. A total of 34 cases of candidemia were noted during the study period with C. albicans being the most common candidemia pathogen. Proper surveillance of emerging epidemiological trends serve as the most reliable and powerful cornerstone towards tackling this emerging threat.

Highlights

Antifungal resistance (AFR) or antifungal tolerance is an emerging clinical issue globally, which has historically been long been neglected, mainly due to focused attention towards the management and control of resistant bacteria, parasites, and viruses [1,2].with a significant increase in the reported number of cases of systemic fungal infections, the issue of AFR has become a global concern [1,3]
Microbiological or in vitro resistance is defined as the nonsusceptibility of a fungal isolate to the tested antifungal drug, whereby the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
We described the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates in Gramnegative bacteria in our hospital from 2017–2020 [37]

Summary

Introduction

Antifungal resistance (AFR) or antifungal tolerance is an emerging clinical issue globally, which has historically been long been neglected, mainly due to focused attention towards the management and control of resistant bacteria, parasites, and viruses [1,2]. With a significant increase in the reported number of cases of systemic fungal infections, the issue of AFR has become a global concern [1,3]. The recent emergence of multi-drug-class-resistant fungal isolates makes the management of such infections even more difficult [3]. Fungal resistance can be divided into two broad types: Microbiological and Clinical. Microbiological or in vitro resistance is defined as the nonsusceptibility of a fungal isolate to the tested antifungal drug, whereby the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

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