Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but highly invasive malignancy characterized by poor survival. In a national cancer survey, the age-standardized incidence rate of GBC was highest in Jeju Island among the 15 provinces in South Korea. The aim of this descriptive epidemiological study was to suggest the modifiable risk factors for this rare malignant disease in Jeju Island by performing an age-sex-matched case- control study. The case group included patients diagnosed with GBC at the Department of Internal Medicine of Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, South Korea, within the 5-year study period. The control group consisted of age-sex-matched subjects selected from among the participants of the health promotion center at the same institute and in the same period. We compared 78 case-control pairs in terms of clinical variables such as histories of hypertension, diabetes, vascular occlusive disorders, alcohol and smoking consumption, obesity, and combined polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLG) or gallstone diseases (GSDs). Among the relevant risk factors, alcohol consumption, parity ≥ 2, PLG, and GSDs were significant risk factors in the univariate analysis. PLG (p < 0.01; OR, 51.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-875.3) and GSD (p < 0.01; OR, 54.9; 95% CI, 3.00-1001.8) were associated risk factors of GBC in the multivariate analysis with the conditional logistic regression model. However, we failed to find any correlation between obesity and GBC. We also found a negative correlation between alcohol consumption history and GBC in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.01; OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.31). These results suggest that combined PLG and GSDs are strongly associated with the GBC in Jeju Island and mild to moderate alcohol consumption may negatively correlate with GBC risk.
Highlights
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most invasive malignancies
We found a negative correlation between alcohol consumption history and GBC in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.01; odds ratios (ORs), 0.06; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 0.01–0.31)
These results suggest that combined polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLG) and gallstone diseases (GSDs) are strongly associated with the GBC in Jeju Island and mild to moderate alcohol consumption may negatively correlate with GBC risk
Summary
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most invasive malignancies. The incidence of GBC varies widely among different geographic regions, with South Korea having the highest incidence rate, followed by Japan, among the countries in Far East Asia (Randi et al, 2006). On the basis of this previous study, we hypothesized that region-specific causes affect the incidence of GBC in Jeju island We performed this case-control study to test the relevance of these risk factors of GBC in the population of Jeju Island. In a national cancer survey, the age-standardized incidence rate of GBC was highest in Jeju Island among the 15 provinces in South Korea. The aim of this descriptive epidemiological study was to suggest the modifiable risk factors for this rare malignant disease in Jeju Island by performing an age-sex-matched casecontrol study. Conclusions: These results suggest that combined PLG and GSDs are strongly associated with the GBC in Jeju Island and mild to moderate alcohol consumption may negatively correlate with GBC risk
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