EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF DISTRIBUTION FOR ANIMAL AND HUMAN ANTHRAX

Abstract

Background: Emerging vector-borne diseases are an important issue in Mongolia. In the recent years, the number of anthrax on human is increased and the border of the natural foci has been extended to the Gobi region, particularly in the Gobi-Altai, Dundgobi Aimags. Outbreak has been happening in Selenge aimag. Aim of study: To determine the current situation and trends of anthrax and geographical distribution, characteristics and risk factors for transmission. Methods: Officially the anthrax first case was registered in 1964 in Mongolia. Long term dynamics of anthrax which was registered between 1964 and 2012 were analyzed by regression analysis. Mean of monthly dynamics was analyzed by NCSS program and seasonal variations were determined and future trends for 2013-2018 was projected through Arima model. Since then till 2012, total of 291 cases were registered and it is shown in retrospective descriptive research design. Results: Mongolia covers 1 565 000 square kilometers area and is divided into 20 regions which turns into 330 provinces, 1561 bags. It has mostly carbonated and non carbonated dark brown soil. High mountainous area has forest steppe and steppe region black and brown soil. Southern part and Gobi region have arid steppe grey and brown is mainly dominated and salty and sandy soil is spread sparingly. Livestock anthrax is spread in 110 soums of 18 aimags which is 30.5 % of total land and human anthrax is spread in 100 soums of 18 aimags which covers 33.3 % of total land area. Anthrax agent is spread 86 soums of 17 aimags which counts 28.6 % of total land area. By quarterly index of anthrax, peak season starts in June and carried from July to October where we can conclude that livestock and human anthrax in Mongolia is seasonal. Conclusions:689,100 km2 which 44,5 % of the total land of Mongolia has anthrax natural foci. Anthrax human and livestock cases dynamic were indexed by the international standard and it can be concluded that anthrax in Mongolia is seasonal.