Epidemiological Aspects and Results of the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), also known as Stein Leventhal Syndrome, is one of the common endocrine diseases affecting women of childbearing age and the leading cause of anovulatory infertility worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of PCOS at the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the National Hospital and University Centre Hubert Koutoukou MAGA of Cotonou (CNHU). Patients and Method: The study was doing in the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the CNHU-HKM. This was a descriptive and analytical longitudinal study with retrospective and prospective data collection over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. It focused on women of childbearing age seen in gynecological consultation. Results: The frequency of PCOS was 2.53%. The mean age of the patients was 27.28 ± 6.55 years. They were educated for the most part with a university level in 43.8% of cases. Obstetrically they were nulligest (45.63%) and nulliparous in 60% of cases. The history of spontaneous miscarriages was found in 61.11%. The main reasons for consultation were menstrual disorders (51%) followed by the desire for pregnancy (40.6%). Clinically, obesity (30%), overweight (33.1%), high blood pressure (20.63%), hirsutism (24%) and acne (27%) were noted. All the women had micropolycystic ovaries in ultrasound. Testosterone was elevated in 61% of cases. Phenotype D was found in 45.63% of patients. All these patients were put under lifestyle and dietary measures, Metformin (13.80%) and estrogen-progestogen (18.80%). The outcome of the treatment was assessed by cycle regularity, regression of hirsutism, weight loss, fertility and fertility. The cycle was normalised in most cases with notable regression of physical signs of hyperandrogenism. The cycle was normalized in most cases with the notable regression of physical signs of hyperandrogenism. We had recorded 25 pregnancies including one miscarriage. The occurrence of pregnancy was obtained in 50% of these women after 12 months and in less than 20% after 24 months. Conclusion: PCOS was common in the CUGO of the CNHU-HKM. A population-based epidemiological study seems necessary to better appreciate the risk factors of this endocrine syndrome and its repercussions on fertility and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension.