Abstract
The goals of the research are to determine the latent morbidity and financial losses of the Russian Ministry of Defense due to the dismissal of service members with HIV infection at symptomatic stages; to establish the supposed clinical and pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of the early detection and treatment of service members.The materials compile 379 case histories of patients of the only specialized department for HIV-positive military personnel in the Armed Forces for 2017–2019, as well as various reporting forms. The study uses the following methods for the analysis: Markov chains are employed to calculate QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years), “cost-effectiveness”, and “willingness to pay”. The research compares two competitive models: “Current Situation” - without the introduction of algorithms for early detection and treatment of HIV infection, and “Prognosis” - with the introduction of these algorithms.The following results are obtained: implementing a mandatory triennial screening for HIV-antibodies among military personnel allows to raise the detection of HIV-positive military personnel in the early stages of the disease by 55%. At the same time, early administered antiretroviral therapy prevents the progression of HIV infection, while the number of military personnel who have reached symptomatic stages of HIV infection and the number of deaths decreases by 35,6% and 80,2% (six-fold), respectively. The economic effectiveness of these measures includes a reduced cost of treatment and an increased length of military service. The sensitivity analysis of the method shows that the proposed measures remain pharmacoeconomically highly effective with a wide variability of the initial data.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate that a significant improvement of the epidemiological situation in the field of HIV infection in the Armed Forces is achievable at very low economic costs. With the full implementation of the proposed measures, the cohort of military personnel of the Armed Forces is able to achieve the World Health Organization’s “90-90-90”criteria of in 3–5 years.
Highlights
The goals of the research are to determine the latent morbidity and financial losses of the Russian Ministry of Defense due to the dismissal of service members with HIV infection at symptomatic stages; to establish the supposed clinical and pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of the early detection and treatment of service members
Исходные данные для построения модели развития эпидемического процесса ВИЧ-инфекции у военнослужащих МО РФ («актуальная ситуация»)
Частота перехода повторным пациентом с ВИЧ-инфекцией в стадии 3 без АРВТ в стадию 4 (в % от всех не получающих АРВТ в стадии 3)
Summary
Санкт-Петербург, Россия 2 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Санкт-Петербург, Россия 3 1586 Военный клинический госпиталь, Подольск, Московская область, Россия. Материалы составили 379 историй болезни пациентов единственного в Вооруженных силах специализированного отделения для ВИЧ-позитивных военнослужащих за 2017–2019 гг., а также различные формы отчетности. Сравнивались две конкурентные модели, названные «Актуальная ситуация» – без введения алгоритмов раннего выявления и лечения ВИЧ-инфекции и «Прогноз» – при введении указанных алгоритмов. Результаты: введение обязательного периодического лабораторного обследования 1 раз в 3 года для военнослужащих по контракту позволит увеличить на 55% выявление ВИЧ-позитивных военнослужащих на ранних стадиях заболевания. При этом раннее назначение антиретровирусной терапии позволит предупредить прогрессирование ВИЧ-инфекции, число военнослужащих, достигших стадии 4 ВИЧ-инфекции, снизится на 35,6%, а число летальных исходов – на 80,2% (в 6 раз), что обеспечит существенную экономическую эффективность за счет снижения стоимости лечения и увеличения длительности военной службы.
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