Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of pressure injury (PI) varies with the clinical environment and the characteristics of the patient, thus, patients with spinal cord trauma (SCT) are configured among those with greater predisposition to the length of hospitalization, presenting impaired movements and sensitivity. Objective: To know and analyze the prevalence of pressure injury in patients suffering from spinal cord trauma hospitalized in a reference hospital. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective study. The sample consists of medical records of patients with spinal cord trauma who presented pressure injury during hospitalization in a reference hospital in the state of Pará, Brazil, during the period from 2013 to 2016. Results: We analyzed 565 medical records of patients with spinal cord, with the prevalence of PI in of 8% of patients with SCT. The mean age was 37 years, with 80% composed of men, with an average length of hospitalization of 66.68 days. The majority presented as etiology of spinal cord injury accidents by firearm and fall, with 32 and 30% respectively. Spinal cord injury was predominant in the thoracic region (50%), where 64% had paraplegia as sequelae and 86% presented pressure injury in the sacral region. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the prevalence of PI in patients with SCT and to know its behavior. Thus, the availability of data helped to demonstrate the occurrence of PI as a complication in patients with SCT during hospitalization, and can serve as a basis for the allocation of preventive resources and measures, as well as further studies on the theme.
Highlights
The prevalence of pressure injury (PI) varies with the clinical environment and the characteristics of the patient, patients with spinal cord trauma (SCT) are configured among those with greater predisposition to the length of hospitalization, presenting impaired movements and sensitivity
Regarding the origin of the patients, it is worth mentioning that Pereira, Gomes and Rodrigues reported in a similar study that many of the patients are transferred to large cities, due to the lack of structure and beds for treatment of polytraumatized patients[10]
The research provided knowledge of the profile of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who developed pressure injury (PI) during the period of hospitalization in a reference hospital located in the metropolitan region of Belém-Pará, showing that the majority of SCI victims are male, who were hospitalized on average 66 days, had firearm accidents and falls, respectively, as etiology of spinal cord injury
Summary
The prevalence of pressure injury (PI) varies with the clinical environment and the characteristics of the patient, patients with spinal cord trauma (SCT) are configured among those with greater predisposition to the length of hospitalization, presenting impaired movements and sensitivity. The increase in life expectancy is due to advances in healthcare, enabling the survival of patients with severe, chronic and debilitating diseases, which results in longer length of stay and the appearance of complications, such as pressure injury (PI)[1] The occurrence of this lesion varies according to the clinical environment and patient characteristics, with greater frequency in acutely hospitalized patients or in long hospitalizations[2]. It is noteworthy that the data are not accurate due to the non-obligation of notification[4]
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