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Abstract
The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R0 value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4-5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission.
Highlights
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) that emerged in early December 2019 in Wuhan, China[1]
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus and Coronaviridae family[2]
Mild COVID-19 cases started to be reported on e-SUS Vigilância Epidemiológica (e-SUS-VE), a new national COVID-19 reporting system, and hospitalized COVID-19 cases started to be recorded on a pre-existing Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) system
Summary
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) that emerged in early December 2019 in Wuhan, China[1]. Brazil declared COVID-19 a national public health emergency on 3 February 20207. After the development of a national emergency plan and the early establishment of molecular diagnostic facilities across Brazil’s network of public health laboratories, the country reported its first confirmed COVID-19 case on 25 February 2020, in a traveller returning to São Paulo from northern Italy[8]. Brazil has one of the fastest-growing COVID-19 epidemics in the world, accounting for 1,864,681 cases and 72,100 deaths, comprising over 55% of the total number of reported cases in Latin America and the Caribbean (as of 14 July 2020)[6]. Preparedness for laboratory surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America is centred around a network of national reference influenza surveillance laboratories that is facing several challenges, including a shortage of reagents and equipment[15]. We use geospatial data related to confirmed COVID-19 cases and SARI cases with unknown aetiology to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 distribution
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