Abstract
We have studied the power reduction rate and degradation modes of crystalline-silicon photovoltaic modules, which had been operated in an outdoor field for about 10 years. We measured the electric parameters of the modules before and after 10-year operation, and classified our photovoltaic modules into four groups that were manufactured by four manufacturers. Analyzing the age-related decreases in electric parameters of the modules, we found two dominant degradation modes by correlation analysis of the electric parameters. In addition, we found delamination mode degradation by visual inspection. We have recognized a degradation rate in terms of the statistical distribution of the module power reduction. The power reduction rate was found to be an average of 4.7% for ten years.
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