Epidemiological analysis of chemical burns: Does it reflect any change in trends?

Abstract

Introduction: Chemical burns constitute small proportion of cases among the total admissions due to burn injuries. The spectrum of severity of illness can vary from mild injuries to life-threatening trauma. In the Indian scenario, the incidence of chemical burns has been reported to be 2.25%–2.4% of total burn admissions. We decided to analyze the epidemiological trends in a tertiary care center from 2013 to 2018 and observe if there has been any shift in the trends. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of all burn victims who attended our burns casualty in V. M. M. C and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, between January 2013 and December 2018, was carried out. Results: During the study period of 6 calendar years from 2013 to 2018, a total of 142 patients of chemical burns attended the hospital, with 47 of them requiring admission. The chemical burns accounted for 0.45% of the total burn patient's attendance. Male dominance was noted with 64% of patients being males. Nearly 59% of the chemical burn patients were from 21 to 40-year age group. Accidental chemical burns accounted for maximum cases. It was observed that acid burns have decreased in comparison to the initial 3 years. Conclusion: Downward trend in the incidence of overall chemical burns was noted. Acid burns decreased with simultaneous increase in alkali burns. The study period coincided with the Supreme Court's verdict with the formulation of guidelines on sale of acids in 2013 and this could be the major factor in declining trends of acid burns.