Abstract
Background and Purpose: Dietary acid load contributes to metabolic acidosis, leading to inflammation and cell transformation, potentially implicated in cancer development. Albeit an increased risk of recurrence among BC survivors was reported for a high acid load, the epidemiologic evidence associating diet-dependent acid load and cancer risk, particularly for breast cancer (BC), is still very limited. Therefore, we have explored in the present study its role in BC risk. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 1461 patients (572 BC cases and 889 age-frequency matched controls), through a multi-topic questionnaire, which included a food frequency questionnaire. Food-derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. The dietary acid load was calculated based on existing measures as potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We found direct associations between dietary acid load and BC risk. Both scores were significantly associated (OR=2.46 and OR=1.78 for highest PRAL and NEAP, respectively). A positive BC family history involved higher risks (OR=6.14 and OR=3.38 for highest PRAL and NEAP, respectively). Linear trends were found in all overall and stratified analyses. Conclusions: Results suggest that a low acid load dietary style may reduce BC risk since both PRAL and NEAP scores were directly associated with meat intake and inversely associated with plant-based foods intake. The findings agree with studies focused on food groups and dietary patterns. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-8 Full Text: PDF
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy among Uruguayan women [1], with the highest incidence rate in South America and close to North American pictures [2, 3]
We found direct associations between dietary acid load and breast cancer (BC) risk
Stratified analyses done in a recent prospective study [21] found suggestively stronger associations between potential renal acid load (PRAL) and BC in women who had a sister diagnosed with BC before age 50 years, especially for ER-negative BC
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy among Uruguayan women [1], with the highest incidence rate in South America and close to North American pictures [2, 3]. Uruguay is a developing country; its human development index is high [9], and its average diet is meatbased, with the world's highest per capita beef intake [10] In this respect, the associations between meat and BC in Uruguay were initially explored more than two decades ago [11, 12]. Results: We found direct associations between dietary acid load and BC risk Both scores were significantly associated (OR=2.46 and OR=1.78 for highest PRAL and NEAP, respectively). Conclusions: Results suggest that a low acid load dietary style may reduce BC risk since both PRAL and NEAP scores were directly associated with meat intake and inversely associated with plant-based foods intake.
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