Epidemiologic Data of Adult Native Biopsy-Proven Renal Diseases in University Clinical Hospital Mostar

Abstract

Renal biopsy is the most accurate method by which we analyze the pathological process in the kidney. Tissue analysis also provides insight into the prognosis and progression of the disease and evaluates the patient’s therapeutic approach. The epidemiology of biopsy-proven renal diseases provides useful information about prevalence of renal diseases and its clinicopathological correlations. Data provided by renal biopsy registries could help better understanding the etiopathological aspects of these diseases. Today, many countries have epidemiological data on biopsy-proven renal disease, some of them Italy, Denmark, Brazil, Spain, Czech Republic and Saudi Arabia. The aim of this report is to show which renal diseases have been proven by biopsy at the Mostar University Clinical Hospital, determine their incidence and present the distribution of these diseases by age, sex and clinical presentation. This crosssectional study included 107 patients treated at the Internal Medicine Clinic with the dialysis center of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar who underwent renal biopsy due to renal pathology that could not have been differentiated differently. Data on total number of patients, their histological diagnosis, gender, age and clinical syndrome were collected and analyzed retrospectively. In all patients, light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic analysis was performed. The median age of the patients was 48 years, and the majority of patients were men (51.4%). The most common clinical presentation was nephrotic syndrome (51.4%) followed by chronic nephritic syndrome (31.8%) and asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (16.8%). The most common disease presented by nephrotic syndrome was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (34.5%), while the most common disease presented with chronic nephritic syndrome and asymptomatic urinary abnormalities was IgA glomerulonephritis (38.2% and 38.9%). The most common biopsy-proven renal disease in total was IgA glomerulonephritis (28.0%), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (23.4%). In men, the most common biopsy-proven renal diseases were found to be IgA glomerulonephritis (36.4%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.4%), and in women focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (30.8%) and lupus nephritis (21.2%). This study showed that IgA glomerulonephritis is the most common biopsy-proven renal disease at Mostar University Hospital, and that the biopsy-proven renal disease is mostly affected by the male population. The most common clinical presentation of patients with renal biopsy indicated was found to be nephrotic syndrome. Since all patients from Herzegovina gravitate to the University Clinical Hospital Mostar, this study represents epidemiological data of these diseases in Herzegovina.