Epidemiologia raka krtani i gardła dolnego w latach 1988–2012 w materiale Kliniki Otolaryngologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku

Abstract

Malignant tumour is the second cause of death in Poland, behind cardiovascular disease. 26% of men and 23% of women die of it. Head and neck tumours are the fifth most frequent group of malignant tumours. These are mostly squamous cell carcinomas. The carcinogenic factors of tobacco smoke play an indisputable role in the pathogenesis of these tumours. Aim of workAnalysis comprising: number of patients, sex and age, site and stage of the primary tumour (T), clinical assessment of neck lymph nodes (N). The results underwent statistical analysis. Materials and methodsThe study involved 1313 patients who underwent surgery in the period 1988–2012 in the Otolaryngology Clinic in Bialystok (1199 men and 114 women, aged 32–86 years). ResultsIn the study group the proportion of men was 91.3% and women 8.7%. Histopathological verification confirmed squamous cell carcinomas in 99%. The primary tumour was most often located in the supraglottic area of the larynx (48.0%) and its clinical stage was T3 (33.5%). T1 tumours were statistically significantly more frequently found in the glottis and T4 tumours – in the hypopharynx and in the transglottic area. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck were found in 52.4% of the patients, most often N2 (37.4%). The highest percentage of patients with lymph node reaction was found in the youngest group (76.6%) and the lowest – in the eldest group (30.0%). Swollen lymph nodes were statistically relevantly more frequent in patients with supraglottic or hypopharynx tumour.