Epidemio-Clinical Aspect of Intraocular Retinoblastoma at Sikasso Regional Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Intraocular retinoblastoma is a malignant neuroepithelial tumor occurring in infants and young children. It is the most common intraocular tumor. The early clinical sign is unilateral strabismus. Leukocoria already corresponds to a locally advanced stage. It is most often unilateral. In Mali, it represents 33.1% of all solid tumors. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of intraocular retinoblastoma in the pediatric and ophthalmology department of Sikasso hospital. Patients and method: This is a retrospective study over 8 years which collected the intraocular forms of Rb. The intraocular forms without signs of clinical and radiological extraocular extension were included. The cases benefited from an ophthalmological and oncological assessment. The clinical stage of Rb was determined according to the IIRC classification. Results: Over 8 years, we have collected 29 out of 61 cases of ocular tumors, a frequency of 48%. The male sex predominated with 55% (sex ratio of 1.2). The average age was 1.23 years. 17.24% of patients had a family history of cancer. The first sign was leucocoria (68.96%) and the average consultation time was 3 months. The left eye was the most affected in 56%. The fundus shows 65.52% endophytic form. 68.97% were at stage D of the ABC classification. Conclusion: Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular tumor in children and the diagnostic delay was too long, compromising the patient's functional and vital prognosis. Early diagnosis is of utmost importance.