Abstract
Background. According to the currently existing hypothesis, epicutaneous sensitization is one of the leading mechanisms in the development of food allergy.The aim of this review was to analyze immune mechanisms in epicutaneous sensitization and the role of skin barrier impairment.We performed a literature search using PubMed, UpToDate, Web of Science, and Scopus databases by the key words: epicutaneous sensitization, atopic dermatitis, skin barrier impairment, food allergy. Articles were to be in open access and present the most relevant information on the topic. Studies were selected by the largest sample size and the highest citation index. Once publications were identified, they were reviewed by all the authors to select the studies that specifically addressed the theme of the review. A total of 101 publications from 1998–2000 were included in the study.This review article discusses the data of experimental studies, sets out modern ideas about the hypothesis of a double exposure to an allergen, and presents research data proving the clinical significance of epicutaneous sensitization in relation to food allergy. Knowledge about the mechanisms of epicutaneous sensitization development is necessary to elaborate strategies for prevention of food allergy. One of the modern trends in prevention is the use of emollients, which are supposed to restore the skin response. However, studies on preventive intake of emollients do not present a similar viewpoint.There is not enough evidence for or against the mechanism of epicutaneous sensitization as an indispensable condition for the formation of food allergies. Further research in this area is required.
Highlights
According to the currently existing hypothesis, epicutaneous sensitization is one of the leading mechanisms in the development of food allergy.The aim of this review was to analyze immune mechanisms in epicutaneous sensitization and the role of skin barrier impairment.We performed a literature search using PubMed, UpToDate, Web of Science, and Scopus databases by the key words: epicutaneous sensitization, atopic dermatitis, skin barrier impairment, food allergy
Articles were to be in open access
Studies were selected by the largest sample size
Summary
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет (СПбГПМУ) Россия, 194100, г. Согласно существующей в настоящее время гипотезе, транскутанная сенсибилизация является одним из ведущих механизмов формирования пищевой аллергии. Цель: анализ иммунологических механизмов формирования транскутанной сенсибилизации и роли дефекта кожного барьера. Знание механизмов развития транскутанной сенсибилизации необходимо для выработки стратегий профилактики пищевой аллергии. Одним из перспективных направлений профилактики пищевой аллергии является использование эмолиентов, которые восстанавливают кожный ответ, однако исследования, посвященные профилактическому приему эмолиентов, в настоящее время не дают однозначного ответа. В настоящее время накоплено недостаточно данных ни «за», ни «против» существования механизма транскутанной сенсибилизации как обязательного условия для формирования пищевой аллергии. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования при проведении исследования. Для цитирования: Новик Г.А., Жданова М.В., Демидова А.С. Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University 2, Litovskaya Str., St.Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation
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