Abstract
Ephippia of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) are found in the Oligocene deposits of Tremembé Formation (Taubaté Basin, Southeast Brazil). Thirty specimens from a short stratigraphic interval of a 115-m section of a core drilled in Taubaté city, São Paulo state, have been studied. Based on the morphology, we assumed that they might belong to two diferent species of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) which lived either in the Tremembé palaeolake or in some surrounding temporary waters. Our find represents the oldest record of fossil ephippia in South America and the second record of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) in the former Gondwana. A tentative palaeolimnological interpretation is proposed based on the ephippia occurrences, allied to ostracod and lithological data.
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