Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important public health problem with high prevalence, morbidity and mortality. A large number of patients are below the poverty line and have low monetary allocations for healthcare, increasing the economic burden of treatment of CKD. In non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) patients, untreated anemia of CKD leads to higher costs, higher healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Limited resources and lack of protection against catastrophic health spending have led to over-reliance on out-of-pocket health expenditure.
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